{"id":598,"date":"2026-05-05T04:54:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T04:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/79.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/05\/200-cau-hoi-thuc-te-va-nang-cao-trong-de-truong-so-hoa-hoc-12-thay-nguyen-anh-phong\/"},"modified":"2026-05-05T07:28:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T07:28:19","slug":"200-cau-hoi-thuc-te-va-nang-cao-trong-de-truong-so-hoa-hoc-12-thay-nguyen-anh-phong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/79.buffdemo.com\/index.php\/2026\/05\/05\/200-cau-hoi-thuc-te-va-nang-cao-trong-de-truong-so-hoa-hoc-12-thay-nguyen-anh-phong\/","title":{"rendered":"200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong"},"content":{"rendered":"

200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong<\/a> l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, b\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12. V\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ecdc sinh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 thi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p THPT v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u1ed9i dung chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u \u00d4n Thi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung 200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong<\/h2>\n

200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n: 75 c\u00e2u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, 60 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang \u2013 sai v\u00e0 65 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn, k\u00e8m \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u1edf cu\u1ed1i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1eeb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c \u00f4n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N I. C\u00e2u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 1: [NAP] \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng do ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m. Cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u sau:
\n(a) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo khi th\u1ea3i ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.
\n(b) R\u00e1c th\u1ea3i nh\u1ef1a sau thu gom n\u00e9n \u0111\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u00f4n l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i.
\n(c) S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t d\u1ebbo.
\n(d) N\u00ean ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00ed.
\nS\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0<\/p>\n

A. 1.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. 4. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 C. 2. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 D. 3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 2: [NAP] C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eed chua b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m (urea ho\u1eb7c ammonium) cho l\u00faa?
\nA. B\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m v\u00e0 v\u00f4i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac.
\nB. B\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau m\u1edbi b\u00f3n v\u00f4i kh\u1eed chua.
\nC. B\u00f3n v\u00f4i kh\u1eed chua tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau m\u1edbi b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m.
\nD. B\u00f3n v\u00f4i kh\u1eed chua tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i b\u00f3n \u0111\u1ea1m ngay sau khi b\u00f3n v\u00f4i.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N II. C\u00e2u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00fang sai<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 76: [NAP] Cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb l\u00e3o h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nhi\u1ec7t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a cao su ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1eb9p. Cao su l\u01b0u h\u00f3a (lo\u1ea1i cao su \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khi cho cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi sulfur) c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 2,0% sulfur v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

a. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u01b0u h\u00f3a cao su l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1ch polymer, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i disulfide ($\\text{-S-S-}$) gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed polyisoprene t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh polymer c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian.
\nb. C\u1ee9 kho\u1ea3ng 46 m\u1eaft x\u00edch isoprene c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u disulfide ($\\text{-S-S-}$).
\nc. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao su l\u01b0u h\u00f3a, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u h\u00f3a cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 polymer c\u1ee7a isoprene c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh trans.
\nd. Cao su \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m kh\u00ed, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u1edbi cao su thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 cao su buna.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 77: [NAP] Salicin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1ecf c\u00e2y li\u1ec5u. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Salicin cho d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, salicin c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi aspirin v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi d\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh salicylic acid theo ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sau:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 80%.
\na. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a salicin l\u00e0 $\\text{C}_{13}\\text{H}_{18}\\text{O}_7$.
\nb. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng 143 g salicin th\u00ec s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh 69 g salicylic acid.
\nc. Salicin ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi $\\text{CH}_3\\text{OH}$ khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t HCl khan.
\nd. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o glucose trong salicin l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng $\\beta$-glucose.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N III. C\u00e2u tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u1eafn.<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 136: [NAP] Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 sau:<\/p>\n

$\\text{Methane} \\xrightarrow{H=15\\%} \\text{Acetylene} \\xrightarrow{H=95\\%} \\text{Vinyl chloride} \\xrightarrow{H=90\\%} \\text{Poli(vinyl chloride)}.$<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ($\\text{m}^3$, \u0111kc) c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n PVC l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau? Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9a 95% methane theo th\u1ec3 t\u00edch. (K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean).<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u 137: [NAP] Ethanol c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb cellulose ho\u1eb7c tinh b\u1ed9t. Lo\u1ea1i ethanol n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u0103ng E5 (x\u0103ng ch\u1ee9a 5% ethanol v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ethanol thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1,8 t\u1ea5n m\u00f9n c\u01b0a (ch\u1ee9a 45% cellulose, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u01a1) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau $\\text{m}^3$ x\u0103ng E5? Bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ethanol t\u1eeb cellulose l\u00e0 60% v\u00e0 ethanol c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 0,8 g\/mL. (L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi)<\/p>\n

T\u1ea3i 200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong<\/h2>\n

200 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao trong \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc 12 Th\u1ea7y Nguy\u1ec5n Anh Phong l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a 12<\/a> luy\u1ec7n thi h\u1eefu \u00edch, gi\u00fap h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nhanh tay t\u1ea3i b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp li\u1ec1n nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n